Clavariaceae.org
Clavulinopsis subgenus
Acularia
This subgenus was erected by Corner (1950) for the ornamented-spored Cu. helvola based on this character alone it seems. While spore ornamentation is not a synapomorphy for the subgenus as I am applying it based on molecular definition, the type species is certainly in this clade and thus the name is correct for this group (though there is doubt over the exact identity of Cu. helvola).
One glance at the phylogenetic tree or, for that matter, by just glancing at the morphological diversity going under the names, you can see that there is a huge amount of diversity going under just a few names. It is going to take quite a bit of work to sort these out, especially since some of them seem to potentially cross continents in distribution. There have been a few new species published in this group over the last decade but there is a lot more to sort out before the taxonomy and nomenclature are settled as there are many old names that will need to be considered. This is going to be one tough beast to tame...
This appears to be a very diverse group that is likely circumglobal.
The most commonly used names are Cu. laeticolor (~13 species level clades including closely related species), Cu. fusiformis (~5 species level clades), and Cu. helvola in the north temperate.
Phylogeny Reconstructed using the ITS Region
Note that (with all the phylogenies at this point) refinement could change some of the fine scale topology and hopefully future versions will be a little bit tidier when possible. There are also some very long branches in this clade imply either that further sampling will fill these out, there are some aberrant or erroneous sequences, there is some accelerated nucleotide substitution rates in this subgenus, or all of the above.
Click on the taxa labels on the right to go directly to its section.
fusiformis NN01
fusiformis IN01
fusiformis NN02
fusiformis NN03
sp. IN03
fusiformis NN04
helvola NN01
laeticolor NN01
trigonospora complex?
laeticolor CA01
laeticolor NN02
laeticolor NN03
aurantiaca
laeticolor NN05
laeticolor NN06
laeticolor NN07
bispora/laeticolor IN03
laeticolor IN02
laeticolor NN08
laeticolor IN01
erubescens
tropicalis
aspersa
Clavulinopsis fusiformis sensu lato
This species complex is recognized by it large size (compared to most other members of the subgenus) and typically densely fasciculate fruiting bodies. Microscopically, it has globose to subglobose spores with the large apiculi characteristics of the subgenus. This last character, along with the non-fading pigments, positive reaction in iron salts, and the bitter taste, help differentiate it from Clavulinopsis sp. OH01 in subgenus Clavulinopsis. Western North American reports of this species are probably of one of the scarcely to unbranched species in subgenus Donkella (CA01/03, CA02)
There appear to be five species ascribable to this name which I am not clear on how to differentiate at this point and, as always, further study is needed.
Distribution: Clades of species that could be put under this name are present in Eastern North America, Europe, and Eastern Asia.
Verified Occurrences
Click on the collections below to see link to verified observations (if applicable on iNaturalist or Mushroom Observer).
Genus | species | Type | Collection | Herbarium | Location | ITS Genbank | Certainty |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Clavulinopsis | fusiformis IN01 | 5972 | - | USA-PA | OP749034.1 | ||
Clavulinopsis | fusiformis IN01 | 9391 | - | USA-PA | OP749635.1 | ||
Clavulinopsis | fusiformis IN01 | MO 213795 | PUL00036002 | USA-IN | ON650111.1 | ||
Clavulinopsis | fusiformis IN01 | INAT 133671316 | - | USA-PA | Need | ||
Clavulinopsis | fusiformis NN01 | TENN62211-H2 | TENN62211-H2 | USA-TN | FJ596792.1 | ||
Clavulinopsis | fusiformis NN01 | TENN62211-H1 | TENN62211-H1 | USA-TN | FJ596791.1 | ||
Clavulinopsis | fusiformis NN01 | AMH014 | TENN.071596 | USA-TN | MF992158.1 | ||
Clavulinopsis | fusiformis NN01 | MGW672 | TENN064110 | USA-TN | Need | ||
Clavulinopsis | fusiformis NN01 | 610723MF0060 | 610723MF0060 | China | KY950493.1 | ||
Clavulinopsis | fusiformis NN02 | rpr-490 | rpr-490 | - | MW363483.1 | ||
Clavulinopsis | fusiformis NN02 | ZP-1145 | MHHNU 7645 | China-Hunan? | MK427062.1 | ||
Clavulinopsis | fusiformis NN02 | HKAS122627 | HKAS122627 | China-Yunnan | ON794403.1 | ||
Clavulinopsis | fusiformis NN03 | 1.5.176-1 | 1.5.176-1 | Switzerland | OP538830.1 | ||
Clavulinopsis | fusiformis NN03 | 2.1.17 | 2.1.17 | Switzerland | OP538776.1 | ||
Clavulinopsis | fusiformis NN03 | KN_310 | KN_310 | Switzerland | OP538733.1 | ||
Clavulinopsis | fusiformis NN03 | 1.1.26 | 1.1.26 | Switzerland | OP538780.1 | ||
Clavulinopsis | fusiformis NN03 | 1.2.122-2 | 1.2.122-2 | Switzerland | OP538806.1 | ||
Clavulinopsis | fusiformis NN04 | 2718 | 2718 | CAN-QUE | KM248914.1 | ||
Clavulinopsis | fusiformis NN04 | PBM2804 | CUW | USA-MA | Need |
Clavulinopsis laeticolor complex
Well here is a nightmare incarnate of ~13 "species" of small orange to yellow fungi that are typically single to loosely cespitose in small clusters. Beyond that, there seems to be a large diversity of spore shape and size. I am using this name essentially as a catch-all for many different things that otherwise match the vague description above, including some recently published names. This group is in desperate need attention. A few species have been described recently, but where they fit with all the names available is still a bit unclear and may lead to some nomenclatural changes in the future.
Some collections labeled Clavulinopsis helvola may belong to this very widely defined complex as not all seem to have data on the spore shape/ornamentation.
Distribution: Circumglobal.
A non-exhaustive list name names that certainly (in the case of recently published names) and likely belong to this group are as follows:
Clavulinopsis pulchra - North America
Clavulinopsis daigremontiana? - Europe
Clavulinopsis depokensis - SE Asia
Clavaria persimilis - Europe
Clavaria inaequalis var. aurantia? - Europe
Clavulinopsis amoena? (non sensu Corner) - SE Asia
Clavulinopsis antillarum - Carribean
Ramariopsis ovispora - New Zealand
Clavulinopsis luteotennerima - Australia
Clavulinopsis trigonospora - Europe
Clavulinopsis bispora - China
Clavulinopsis aspersa - China
Clavulinopsis aurantiaca - Brazil
Some of these names will very likely stand the test of time (e.g., Clavulinopsis aurantiaca) but some older names need to be sorted through first before I will be very comfortable using some of the newer names.
Verified Occurrences
Click on the collections below to see link to verified observations (if applicable on iNaturalist or Mushroom Observer).
Genus | species | Type | Collection | Herbarium | Location | ITS Genbank | Certainty |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Clavulinopsis | amoena cf. | MES-2695 | MES-2695 | Chile | MH930255.1 | ||
Clavulinopsis | antillarum | PDD 107103 | PDD 107103 | NZ | Need | ||
Clavulinopsis | antillarum cf. | R-105 | R-105 | Mexico | KR135337.1 | ||
Clavulinopsis | antillarum cf. | AEF142 | NY 02858433 | Colombia | Need | ||
Clavulinopsis | antillarum cf. | PDD 106510 | PDD 106510 | NZ | Need | ||
Clavulinopsis | aspersa | HKAS122736 | HKAS122736 | China-Yunnan | ON794462.1 | ||
Clavulinopsis | aspersa | HNL502071 | HNL502071 | Lao | UDB039675 | ||
Clavulinopsis | aspersa | HNL502072 | HNL502072 | Lao | UDB039676 | ||
Clavulinopsis | aspersa | PARATYPE | MHHNU10153 | MHHNU10153 | China-Hunan | OQ703777.1 | |
Clavulinopsis | aspersa | HOLOTYPE | MHHNU10342 | MHHNU10342 | China-Hunan | OQ703778.1 | |
Clavulinopsis | aspersa | PARATYPE | MHHNU11103 | MHHNU11103 | China-Hunan | OQ703779.1 | |
Clavulinopsis | aurantiaca | ANMF495 | ANMF495 | Brazil | OQ968592.1 | ||
Clavulinopsis | aurantiaca | HOLOTYPE | URM 84216 | URM 84216 | Brazil | KC348464.1 | |
Clavulinopsis | aurantiaca | ANMF494 | ANMF494 | Brazil | OQ968591.1 | ||
Clavulinopsis | aurantiaca | ACM911 | ACM911 | Brazil | OQ968587.1 | ||
Clavulinopsis | aurantiaca | KEL33 | KEL33 | Brazil | OQ968595.1 | ||
Clavulinopsis | bispora | PARATYPE | MHHNU11181 | MHHNU11181 | China-Jilin | OQ703781.1 | |
Clavulinopsis | bispora | HOLOTYPE | MHHNU11188 | MHHNU11188 | China-Jilin | OQ703782.1 | |
Clavulinopsis | bispora/laeticolor IN03 | OSF2021-581. 00333 | - | USA-PA | OM972357.1 | ||
Clavulinopsis | depokensis | JAC9622 | PDD 83770 | NZ | Need | ||
Clavulinopsis | depokensis | INAT 129961757 | - | NZ | Need | ||
Clavulinopsis | depokensis | TFB7410 | TENN-F-054078 | NZ | Need | ||
Clavulinopsis | laeticolor | 1.2.71-1 | 1.2.71-1 | Switzerland | OP538811.1 | ||
Clavulinopsis | laeticolor | DS1085 | DS1085 | Brazil | OQ968594.1 | ||
Clavulinopsis | laeticolor | KN_874 | KN_874 | Switzerland | OR194911.1 | ||
Clavulinopsis | laeticolor | Ryvarden11379 | ? | ? | Need | ||
Clavulinopsis | laeticolor | MT27 | MT27 | Philippines | OK446733.1 | ||
Clavulinopsis | laeticolor | ECV4178 | TENN-F-068227 | USA-NC | Need | ||
Clavulinopsis | laeticolor | ANMF385 | ANMF385 | Brazil | OQ968590.1 | ||
Clavulinopsis | laeticolor | O'Dell557 | WTU | USA-WA | Need | ||
Clavulinopsis | laeticolor CA01 | SEC514 | TENN-F-047101 | USA-OR | Need | ||
Clavulinopsis | laeticolor CA01 | INAT 148050563 | HAY-F-000254 | USA-CA | Need | ||
Clavulinopsis | laeticolor IN01 | OSF2020-090. 00026 | - | USA-IN | ON059182.1 | ||
Clavulinopsis | laeticolor IN01 | PBM2912 | TENN-F-063829 | USA-VT | Need | ||
Clavulinopsis | laeticolor IN01 | 02100 | - | USA-CA | OR168885.1 | ||
Clavulinopsis | laeticolor IN01 | HMS22-01416 | HMS22-01416 | USA-IN | Need | ||
Clavulinopsis | laeticolor IN02 | 3812 | 3812 | CAN-QUE | KM248913.1 | ||
Clavulinopsis | laeticolor IN02 | MGW1408 | TENN.069861 | USA-TN | MG677141.1 | ||
Clavulinopsis | laeticolor IN02 | OSF2020-600. 1078 | OSF2020-600. 1078 | USA-IN | ON059217.1 | ||
Clavulinopsis | laeticolor IN02 | 61803 | - | USA-IN | ON650110.1 | ||
Clavulinopsis | laeticolor NN02 | JMB12211102 | TENN-F-070850 | USA-WA | Need | ||
Clavulinopsis | laeticolor NN02 | MICH340330 | MICH340330 | USA-MI | OM985825.1 | ||
Clavulinopsis | laeticolor NN02 | INAT 100085413 | iNAT.100085413 | USA-PA | ON206855.1 | ||
Clavulinopsis | laeticolor NN02 | OFF2021-089 | OFF2021-089 | USA-IN | OM987379.1 | ||
Clavulinopsis | laeticolor NN02 | TRTC157008 | OLD.ONT183-08.ITS | CAN-ONT | JN020997.1 | ||
Clavulinopsis | laeticolor NN03 | EL 8-00 | GB | Finland | EU118618 | ||
Clavulinopsis | laeticolor NN03 | 2.0.1 | 2.0.1 | Switzerland | OP538697 | ||
Clavulinopsis | laeticolor NN05 | MES-3040 | MES-3040 | USA-TN | ON383352.1 | ||
Clavulinopsis | laeticolor NN05 | JMB10071004 | TENN-F-065664 | USA-TN | Need | ||
Clavulinopsis | laeticolor NN05 | PBM4213 | TENN.074620 | USA-NC | MT237494.1 | ||
Clavulinopsis | laeticolor NN06 | MO 308219 | - | USA-CA | MG890337.1 | ||
Clavulinopsis | laeticolor NN06 | MO 308220 | - | USA-CA | MG890340.1 | ||
Clavulinopsis | laeticolor NN06 | JMB12191101 | TENN-F-068431 | USA-WA | Need | ||
Clavulinopsis | laeticolor NN06 | UBC F23885 | UBC F23885 | CAN-BC | KJ146701.1 | ||
Clavulinopsis | laeticolor NN07 | MF07591 | - | USA-NY | Need | ||
Clavulinopsis | laeticolor NN07 | TUF135685 | TUF135685 | Estonia | UDB0799892 | ||
Clavulinopsis | laeticolor NN07 | FDS05294 | CUP 071017 | USA-NY | Need | ||
Clavulinopsis | laeticolor NN07 | SLB1359 | WTU | USA-WA | Need | ||
Clavulinopsis | laeticolor NN08 | ACM1052 | ACM1052 | Brazil | OQ968588.1 | ||
Clavulinopsis | laeticolor NN08 | ACM1054 | ACM1054 | Brazil | OQ968589.1 | ||
Clavulinopsis | laeticolor NN08 | CHC201 | CHC201 | Brazil | OQ968593.1 | ||
Clavulinopsis | laeticolor PNW03 | INAT 138548168 | - | USA-OR | Need | ||
Clavulinopsis | laeticolor NN01 | ANT002-QFB28551 | BOLD.ANTIC001-20.ITS | CAN-QUE | MN992315.1 | ||
Clavulinopsis | laeticolor NN01 | SDR NAMA 2017-125 | SDR NAMA 2017-125 | USA-WI | MK575451.1 | ||
Clavulinopsis | trigonospora | PARATYPE | AMB 18587 | AMB 18587 | Italy | MT055968.1 | |
Clavulinopsis | trigonospora | HOLOTYPE | AMB 18557 | AMB 18557 | Italy | MT055939.1 | |
Clavulinopsis | trigonospora complex | MHHNU9186 | MHHNU9186 | China-Sichuan | OQ703789.1 | ||
Clavulinopsis | trigonospora complex | 20180812TEMP000 | - | USA-IN | ON650091.1 | ||
Clavulinopsis | trigonospora complex | UWO-HA5 (MO 215748) | UWO-HA5 (MO 215748) | CAN-ONT | KY706170.1 | ||
Clavulinopsis | trigonospora complex | MHHNU9200 | MHHNU9200 | China-Sichuan | OQ703790.1 | ||
Clavulinopsis | trigonospora complex | TUF117796 | TUF117796 | Estonia | UDB0781097 | ||
Clavulinopsis | trigonospora complex | INAT 92935347 | - | USA-PA | Need | ||
Clavulinopsis | trigonospora complex | RHP8990 | TENN055650 | Turkey | Need | ||
Clavulinopsis | trigonospora complex | MHHNU10198 | MHHNU10198 | China-Gansu | OQ703791.1 | ||
Clavulinopsis | trigonospora complex/sp. PA01 | 5326 | - | USA-PA | OP749759.1 |